Polymerization of methyl acrylate in aqueous media

The polymerization of methyl acrylate in water and in dilute, aqueous, soap solutions, initiated by potassium peroxydisulfate, has been investigated, a dilatometric method being used to follow the conversion. It has been shown that small amounts of an anionic soap increase the rate of reaction while a cationic soap has the reverse effect. The change of molecular weight with conversion has also been examined as well as the effect of the exclusion of oxygen from the system.     

Galerkin methods applied to some model equations for non-linear dispersive waves

The application of a dissipative Galerkin scheme to the numerical solution of the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) and Regularised Long Wave (RLW) equations, is investigated. The accuracy and stability of the proposed schemes is derived using a localised Fourier analysis. With cubic splines as basis functions, the errors in the numerical solutions of the KdV equation for different mesh-sizes and different amounts of dissipation is determined. It is shown that the Galerkin scheme for the RLW equation gives rise to much smaller errors (for a given mesh-size), and allows larger steps to be taken for the integrations in time (for a specified error tolerance). Also, the interaction of two solitons is compared for the KdV and RLW equations, and several differences in their behaviour are found.     

3-Indolylphenylacetonitriles

The reaction of 2-carbethoxyindole with aromatic aldehydes in ether saturated with HCl gave 2-carbethoxy-3-(-chlorobenzyl)indoles. Reaction of the latter with sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide gave 3-indolylphenylacetonitriles in 47–85% yields. If the indole NH group is substituted, rearrangment to give 1-methyl-2-cyano-3-benzylindoles occurs simultaneously. The latter were reduced with LiAlH₄ to aminomethyl derivatives and were hydrolyzed with KOH in ethylene glycol to 1-methyl-3-benzylindole-2-carboxylic acids. The structures were proved by the UV, IR, and PMR spectra.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1482–1486, November, 1978.     

Static moments of the first excited states of 32, 34S and 204, 206Pb

The reorientation effect in Coulomb excitation has been used to measure the following static quadrupole moments: $\text{Q}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{32}\text{S}\text{) = ?0.066 ± 0.017}\text{b}\text{, Q}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{34}\text{S}\text{) = 0.026 ± 0.023}\text{b}\text{, Q}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{204}\text{Pb}\text{) = 0.19 ± 0.14}\text{b}$. Interference effects from higher excited states have been included in the analysis, with the signs of the E2 matrix elements taken from an anharmonic model. The value obtained for $\text{Q}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{32}\text{S}\text{)}$ is in disagreement with two previous measurements. We attribute the discrepancy to the smaller internucleon separation distances involved in the previous experiments, which can cause deviations from Coulomb excitation cross sections. The other quadrupole moments have not been measured previously. The B (E2: 0⁺ → 2⁺) measured were: $\text{0.0305 ± 0.0016 e}{}^2\text{·}\text{b}{}^2\text{(}{}^{32}\text{S}\text{), 0.025 ± 0.004 e}{}^2\text{·}\text{b}{}^2\text{(}{}^{34}\text{S}\text{),}\text{and}\text{0.166 ± 0.009 e}{}^2\text{·}\text{b}{}^2\text{(}{}^{204}\text{Pb}\text{)}$. From the angular distribution of the de-excitation γ-rays of the Pb nuclei following recoil into vacuum, we have determined the following $\text{g-}\text{factors}\text{: ¦g}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{204}\text{Pb}\text{)¦ < 0.08}$ (two standard deviations), $\text{¦g}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\text{)¦ = 0.07}{}^{\mathrm{+\; 0.07}}{}_{\mathrm{?\; 0.03}}$. Our value of $\text{g}{}_2\text{+ (}{}^{206}\text{Pb}\text{)}$ is in agreement with a previous measurement.     

Lifetime of the 6+ member of the ground-state band in 22Ne

Mean lifetimes of levels in ²²Ne have been measured by the Doppler-shift attenuation method using the inverse reaction ⁴He(¹⁹F, pγ)²²Ne. The Doppler-broadened lineshapes observed at 0° were analyzed using scaled experimental stopping powers and give the following results for each of the following levels (energy in keV and lifetime in fs): 4457 ( < 15), 5147 (1300 ± 500), 5522 (27 ± 4), 5641 ( < 20), 6311 (70 ± 10), 6345 ( < 15), 6636 ( < 20) and 6817 ( < 15). The lifetime of the 6311 keV 6⁺ level is particularly interesting for testing model predictions. The large basis shell model calculations of Preedom and Wildenthal are in good agreement with the experimental B(E2) values for the 2⁺, 4⁺ and 6⁺ members of the ground-state band.     

Production mechanism of ϱ0 and f mesons in πN→π+π−N reactions

The production of ?⁰ and f mesons in πN→π⁺π^?N reactions in the momentum range 4 to 17 GeV/c is investigated in a model-independent way by imposing in full the positivity of the density matrix. The results so obtained are used in order to determine the effective Regge trajectories for unnatural and natural parity exchanges and are compared to results obtained in different analyses.